Enlaces recomendados

Callebaut

los neandertales se volvieron caníbales con el cambio climático

Información de National Geographic

La temperatura subió varios grados, los hielos desaparecían de Europa y el nivel de los océanos ascendió varios metros, lo que provocó una escasez de las presas habituales y llevó a los antiguos pobladores del sur de Francia a practicar el canibalismo para poder sobrevivir

el cambio climático que se produjo al final de la glaciación de Riis provocó cambios drásticos en la vida de las especies que habitaban el planeta. Uno de los ejemplos más dramáticos se produjo en la cueva de Moula-Guercy, al sur de Francia, donde el súbito calentamiento global obligó a un grupo de neandertales a recurrir al canibalismo para sobrevivir.

La penúltima era glacial del Pleistoceno había terminado hacía apenas diez milenios, los hielos se habían retirado de gran parte de Europa, la temperatura global había subido varios grados y el nivel de los océanos ascendió varios metros. La alteración de los ecosistemas provocó una redistribución geográfica de la flora y la fauna. Los grandes mamíferos emigraron buscando climas más fríos, lo que hizo que los grupos de neandertales, cazadores recolectores, se quedaran sin sus presas habituales y tuvieran que recurrir al canibalismo para no morir de hambre. Esta es la secuencia dramática que describe un estudio publicado en la revista Journal of Archaeological Science por los investigadores Alban Defleur, de la ENS de Lyon, y por Emmanue Desclaux, del Laboratorio departamental de Prehistoria del Lazaret, en Niza.

La cueva de Moula-Guercy es un yacimiento del Pleistoceno ocupado por los neandertales hace más de cien mil años. Su excavación se lleva a cabo desde 1991 y en ella se han encontrado restos de seis neandertales, vestigios de fauna contemporánea y herramientas líticas asociadas. Las evidencias de canibalismo entre los homínidos ya fueron puestas de manifiesto en un artículo de 1999 publicado por la revista Science. En él, sus autores –entre los que también se encontraba Alban Defleur– identificaron en los huesos de los homínidos cortes destinados a su despiece. Las incisiones «indican que los individuos fueron deshuesados ​​y desarticulados» para aprovechar su carne y extraer la médula concluían en el texto.

PURA SUPERVIVENCIA NEANDERTAL

Los «trastornos ambientales», sugieren Defleur y Desclaux en este nuevo artículo, provocaron «el agotamiento de presas al comienzo del Pleistoceno superior», lo que contribuyó al «aumento del comportamiento canibalístico en los neandertales». El rápido aumento de las temperaturas durante el último periodo interglaciar –que se alargó entre hace 128.000 y hace 114.000 años– provocó una redistribución de todos los seres vivos del continente europeo. Los investigadores hallaron restos de grandes mamíferos en las capas anteriores al periodo interglacial que fueron sustituidos por reptiles y roedores propios de climas más cálidos. Esto supuso un gran trastorno en la forma de vida de los neandertales de la zona, que veían desaparecer su principal fuente de alimento.

Según Defleur y Desclaux, el bosque templado es un hábitat en el que los grupos de cazadores recolectores, como eran los neandertales, tienen dificultades de adaptación. Los investigadores sugieren que el aumento de temperaturas registrado en la era interglaciar provocó los cambios en el entorno que acabarían modificando el comportamiento de los neandertales y explicarían el canibalismo como una práctica de supervivencia y no como un ritual religioso. El canibalismo ha sido documentado en homínidos en otras ocasiones a lo largo de Europa durante los últimos 100.000 años pero la cueva de Moulan-Guercy es el yacimiento en el que esta práctica está mejor documentado.

El bocadillo perfecto

EL BOCADILLO PERFECTO

DEFINICIÓN

Bocadillo, Jamón, Tomates, Ajo, Aceite, Oliva, España

Para la RAE es una ‘pieza de pan abierta, o conjunto de dos rebanadas, en cuyo interior se coloca o se unta algún alimento’.

Para muchos mortales se trata de una manera muy sencilla de matar el hambre, y para otros, cada vez más, una deliciosa manera de comer o cenar de manera informal. Sencillamente es un refrigerio de trabajadores y estudiantes suelen tomar entre el desayuno y la comida, de calamares, de tortilla, de lomo con pimientos, etc.

El bocadillo español es un clásico de nuestra gastronomía y son muchos lugares a lo largo de la piel de toro donde pueden se pueden saborear de una y mil maneras.

El lugar donde nacemos condiciona el gusto. 

El bocadillo te puede elevar a la estratosfera desde el primer mordisco hasta el último, un simple bocadillo también te puede llevar a lo más alto y además pueda servir, como comida completa, siempre te permitirá salir de un apuro y no tener que preparar una comida.

Un bocadillo abre un campo muy amplio a la creatividad.

El bocadillo e incluso el montadito, está de moda, es saludable si lo acompañas de ensalada, y comer entre panes no es nada perezoso podemos hacerlos muy gourmet entre dos panes pueden surgir verdaderas maravillas culinarias.

El bocadillo debería considerarse por necesidad vital, por su valor cultural dentro de la gastronomía mediterránea,  patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad.

Es algo humilde , que nació de forma anónima, cuando contra una piedra caliente se puso por primera vez una masa de harina o maíz con agua para dejar que se volviera crujiente y al mezclarla con otros elementos, se consigue placer gastronómico, consiguiendo que satisfaga tu apetito, saciando desde que se inventara en la antigua mesopotamia.

Sándwich, Los Alimentos, Pan, Almuerzo, Merienda
Sandwich, Salchicha, Pepino, Cebolla, Tomate, Comida
Sándwich, Brindis, Comida, Desayuno, Delicatessen
Sandwich, Burger, Sándwich, Pan, Jamón, Ensalada, Queso

El bocadillo o sándwich es una comida un trozo de pan relleno que nos encontramos en cada rincón del mundo adoptando y adaptados a las costumbres, gustos y productos.

Cada país tiene un sandwich o bocadillo propio y aquí encontrarás los más importantes que puedes encontrar en el mundo .

UN POCO DE HISTORIA

El bocadillo , el montadito, las tortillas de maíz, hasta en äfrica donde surge la civilización ya teníamos seudo-bocadillos , los encontramos en Asia y en la India, y nos encontramos documentos escritos para elaborar comidas como DürümNan-i-AfghaniKhubzpitaBánh mìkai-jiaw y otros panes que rellenaban de carne y otros alimentos como se hace por ejemplo en los kebabs y burritos .Fuente: Wikipedia

Por abundar en el tema, en círculos judíos se sostiene que Hillel el viejo fue el primer nombre propio al que se le conoce haber inventado un bocadillo. Lo hizo hace tiempo: justito antes del nacimiento de Cristo.  Parece ser que el venerable rabino ponía entre dos matzohs (pan ácimo judío) una mezcla de manzanas, nueces picadas, especias y vino. Así este bocadillo aparentemente vegano y espiritual se degusta en la fiesta tradicional del Sedel.

En el siglo XVII , el conde Sandwich, para no perder tiempo en comer pidió que le pusieran la comida entre dos trozos de pan mientra seguía jugando a las cartas

INGREDIENTES PRINCIPALES

EL PAN

Pan, Panadería, Preparación, Pan Fresco

El pan,   es donde pondremos el relleno más exquisito y es al menos el 50% del éxito de un bocadillo,  es la estructura, dará delicadeza, el punto crujiente, la que sujetará el contenido, así que tenemos que tener claro lo que sujetará y el tamaño,

Puede ser un pan con sabor, con semillas, integral ya que ahora nos encontramos en el mercado una gran infinidad de variaciones, que nos darán posibilidades infinitas, para ser muy creativos ya que cualquier tipo de pan es válido desde un pan de pita a un pan negro o de centeno, con frutos o frutas secas, con queso, con verduras, de masa madre, etc.,siempre podremos encontrar un pan para cada relleno.

EL RELLENO

Podemos utilizar infinidad de rellenos y nunca habrá dos bocadillos iguales:

  • Vegetales
  • Huevos
  • Carnes
  • Pescados
  • Ahumados
  • Embutidos
  • Salsas

Empieza con esta tabla a confeccionar tu bocadillo preferido

Hamburguesa, Sandwich, Alimentos

DANDO LA VUELTA AL MUNDO COMIENDO BOCADILLOS

EUROPA

ASIA

AMÉRICA

PARA SABER MÁS

ÁFRICA y OCEANÍA (en construcción )

sándwich Vegemite (Australia)

DEMOSTRACIÓN DE MARIDAJE DE ELABORACIONES DE MORCILLAS Y CERVEZAS MICA

DEMOSTRACIÓN DE MARIDAJE DE ELABORACIONES DE MORCILLAS Y CERVEZAS MICA

OBJETIVOS:

  • CONOCER LAS PECULIARIDADES DEL PRODUCTO “MORCILLA DE BURGOS RIOS», DE LA MANO DE SUS PRODUCTORES.
  • CONOCER Y DEGUSTAR  4 VARIEDADES DE LA CERVEZA “MICA” DE LA MANO DE SUS PRODUCTORES.
  • DEGUSTAR ELABORACIONES MÁS Y MENOS SALADAS A BASE DEL PRODUCTO MORCILLA DE BURGOS RIOS.

CERVEZAS MICA

MORCILLAS DE BURGOS

ELABORACIONES MÁS SALADAS

  • FALSO CAPUCHINO DE MORCILLA
  • PASTELA DE MORCILLA.
  • BOCATINES: foccaccia, preñaitos, baos.
  • MINI OREOS.

ELABORACIONES MENOS SALADAS

  • BLINI  SEPIA MORCILLA.
  • TURRÓN.
  • BOMBÓN CHOCO – MORCILLA
  • HELADO

FALSO CAPUCHINO DE MORCILLA

INGREDIENTES (4pax) Para el falso capuchino (1)

  • 100 gramos de morcilla
  • 180 gramos de calducho (caldo donde  se  cuecen  las  morcillas) o un buen caldo de cocido
  • 4 tazas de capuchino
  • ELABORACIÓN
  • Triturar la morcilla con el caldo y colar.
  • Levantar
  • Colar
  • Servir en las tazas

INGREDIENTES Para la espuma de pan (2)

  • 50 gramos de pan
  • 100 gramos de nata o 100 gramos de crema de leche
  • 200 g agua
  • 5 gramos de levadura fresca
  • Sal
  • ELABORACIÓN
    Triturar los ingredientes de la espuma y colar. Depositar sobre el capuchino de morcilla

DECORACIÓN (3)

  • 10 gramos de pińones
  • 20gramos de azúcar GLAS c/n
  • ELABORACIÓN
  • Caramelizar los piñones con el azúcar glas hasta caramelizar
  • Decorar

MANTECADOS

INGREDIENTES

  • 1050g Harina tostada
  • 540g manteca
  • 270g almendra molida
  • 450g azúcar glas
  • 10g canela polvo
  • 90g almendra granillo

INGREDIENTES

  • 350g harina tostada
  • 180 g manteca
  • 90 g almendra molida
  • 150 g azúcar glas
  • 1 cucharada y media de canela
  • 36 g almendra granillo

ELABORACIÓN

Juntar todos los ingredientes

Hornear a 200ºC durante 8 minutos

TÉRMINOS DE USO

General Terms of Use

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Jasonjueves a las 17:55Seguir

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5 February 2018

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The Scribd Platform is owned and operated by Scribd.  The visual interfaces, graphics, design, compilation, information, computer code (including source code and object code), products, services, and all other elements of the Scribd Platform provided by Scribd (the “Materials”) are protected by United States copyright, trade dress, patent, and trademark laws, international conventions, and all other relevant intellectual property and proprietary rights, and applicable laws.  Scribd acknowledges that You retain ownership of any User Comments You may post via Scribd, subject however to Your grant to Scribd of a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free, worldwide, nonexclusive license to reproduce, store, distribute, publicly display, and adapt them for use in conjunction with the operation of the Scribd Platform.  All Materials contained on the Scribd Platform are the property of Scribd or its subsidiaries or affiliated companies and/or third-party licensors.  All trademarks, service marks, and trade names are proprietary to Scribd or its affiliates and/or third-party licensors.  Except as expressly authorized by Scribd, You agree not to sell, license, distribute, copy, modify, publicly perform or display, transmit, publish, edit, adapt, create derivative works from, or otherwise make unauthorized use of the Materials or the Scribd Platform.  Scribd reserves all rights not expressly granted in these Terms.

14. Indemnification.

You agree to indemnify, save, and hold Scribd, its affiliated companies, contractors, employees, agents and its third-party suppliers, licensors, and partners harmless from any claims, losses, damages, liabilities, including legal fees and expenses, arising out of Your use or misuse of the Scribd Platform, any violation by You of these Terms, or any breach of the representations, warranties, and covenants made by You herein.  Scribd reserves the right, at Your expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter for which You are required to indemnify Scribd, and You agree to cooperate with Scribd’s defense of these claims.  Scribd will use reasonable efforts to notify You of any such claim, action, or proceeding upon becoming aware of it.

15. Disclaimers; No Warranties.

TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMISSIBLE PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE LAW, SCRIBD, AND ITS AFFILIATES, PARTNERS, AND SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, STATUTORY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.  NO ADVICE OR INFORMATION, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN, OBTAINED BY YOU FROM SCRIBD OR THROUGH THE SCRIBD PLATFORM WILL CREATE ANY WARRANTY NOT EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN.  YOU EXPRESSLY ACKNOWLEDGE THAT AS USED IN THIS SECTION 15, THE TERM SCRIBD INCLUDES SCRIBD’S OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, SHAREHOLDERS, AGENTS, LICENSORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS. 

16. Limitation of Liability and Damages.

16.1 Limitation of Liability.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, NEGLIGENCE, WILL SCRIBD OR ITS AFFILIATES, CONTRACTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, OR THIRD-PARTY PARTNERS, LICENSORS, OR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, RELIANCE, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY UNSUCCESSFUL COURT ACTION OR LEGAL DISPUTE, LOST BUSINESS, LOST REVENUES OR LOSS OF ANTICIPATED PROFITS OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY OR NON-PECUNIARY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THESE TERMS OR THAT RESULT FROM YOUR USE OR YOUR INABILITY TO USE THE MATERIALS AND CONTENT ON THE SCRIBD PLATFORM OR ANY REFERENCE SITES, OR ANY OTHER INTERACTIONS WITH SCRIBD, EVEN IF SCRIBD OR A SCRIBD AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

16.2 Limitation of Damages.

IN NO EVENT WILL THE TOTAL LIABILITY OF SCRIBD OR ITS AFFILIATES, CONTRACTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, OR THIRD-PARTY PARTNERS, LICENSORS, OR SUPPLIERS TO YOU FOR ALL DAMAGES, LOSSES, AND CAUSES OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THESE TERMS, YOUR USE OF THE SCRIBD PLATFORM OR YOUR INTERACTION WITH OTHER SCRIBD PLATFORM USERS (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE, WARRANTY, OR OTHERWISE), EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU, IF ANY, FOR ACCESSING THE SCRIBD PLATFORM DURING THE THREE (3) MONTHS IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING THE DATE OF THE CLAIM OR ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS, WHICHEVER IS GREATER.

16.3 Reference Sites.

THESE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY ALSO APPLY WITH RESPECT TO DAMAGES INCURRED BY YOU BY REASON OF ANY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES SOLD OR PROVIDED ON ANY REFERENCE SITES OR OTHERWISE BY THIRD PARTIES OTHER THAN SCRIBD AND RECEIVED THROUGH OR ADVERTISED ON THE SCRIBD PLATFORM OR RECEIVED THROUGH ANY REFERENCE SITES.

16.4 Basis of the Bargain.

YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT SCRIBD HAS OFFERED ITS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, SET ITS PRICES, AND ENTERED INTO THESE TERMS IN RELIANCE UPON THE WARRANTY DISCLAIMERS AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY SET FORTH HEREIN, THAT THE WARRANTY DISCLAIMERS AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY SET FORTH HEREIN REFLECT A REASONABLE AND FAIR ALLOCATION OF RISK BETWEEN YOU AND SCRIBD, AND THAT THE WARRANTY DISCLAIMERS AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY SET FORTH HEREIN FORM AN ESSENTIAL BASIS OF THE BARGAIN BETWEEN YOU AND SCRIBD. SCRIBD WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO PROVIDE THE SCRIBD PLATFORM TO YOU ON AN ECONOMICALLY REASONABLE BASIS WITHOUT THESE LIMITATIONS.

16.5 Limitations by Applicable Law.

CERTAIN JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES.  IF YOU RESIDE IN SUCH A JURISDICTION, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS, EXCLUSIONS, OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.  THE LIMITATIONS OR EXCLUSIONS OF WARRANTIES, REMEDIES OR LIABILITY CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS APPLY TO YOU TO THE FULLEST EXTENT SUCH LIMITATIONS OR EXCLUSIONS ARE PERMITTED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE JURISDICTION WHERE YOU ARE LOCATED.

17. Dispute Resolution.

17.1 Governing Law.

These Terms will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of law.

17.2 Agreement to Arbitrate.

You and Scribd agree that any dispute, claim or controversy arising out of or relating to these Terms or the breach, termination, enforcement, interpretation or validity thereof or the use of the Scribd Platform or content available on the Scribd Platform (collectively, “Disputes”) will be settled by binding arbitration, except that each party retains the right: (i) to bring an individual action in small claims court and (ii) to seek injunctive or other equitable relief in a court of competent jurisdiction to prevent the actual or threatened infringement, misappropriation or violation of a party’s copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, patents or other intellectual property rights (the action described in the foregoing clause (ii), an “IP Protection Action”). Without limiting the preceding sentence, You will also have the right to litigate any other Dispute if You provide Scribd with written notice of Your desire to do so by email or regular mail at Scribd, Inc., 333 Bush St. Suite 2400, San Francisco, 94104 within thirty (30) days following the date You first agree to these Terms (such notice, an “Arbitration Opt-out Notice”). If You don’t provide Scribd with an Arbitration Opt-out Notice within the thirty (30) day period, You will be deemed to have knowingly and intentionally waived Your right to litigate any Dispute except as expressly set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above. The exclusive jurisdiction and venue of any IP Protection Action or, if You timely provide Scribd with an Arbitration Opt-out Notice, will be the state and federal courts located in the Northern District of California and each of the parties hereto waives any objection to jurisdiction and venue in such courts. 

17.3 Class and Representative Action Waiver. 

Unless You timely provide Scribd with an Arbitration Opt-out Notice, You acknowledge and agree that You and Scribd are each waiving the right to a trial by jury or to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action or representative proceeding. Further, unless both You and Scribd otherwise agree in writing, the arbitrator may not consolidate more than one person’s claims, and may not otherwise preside over any form of any class or representative proceeding. If this specific paragraph is held unenforceable, then the entirety of this “Dispute Resolution” section will be deemed void. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, this “Dispute Resolution” section will survive any termination of these Terms.

17.4 Arbitration Rules.

The arbitration will be administered by the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules and the Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes (the “AAA Rules”) then in effect, except as modified by this “Dispute Resolution” section. (The AAA Rules are available at www.adr.org/arb_med or by calling the AAA at 1-800-778-7879.) The Federal Arbitration Act will govern the interpretation and enforcement of this Section.

17.5 Arbitration Process.

A party who desires to initiate arbitration must provide the other party with a written Demand for Arbitration as specified in the AAA Rules. (The AAA provides a general Demand for Arbitration and a separate Demand for Arbitration for California residents.) The arbitrator will be either a retired judge or an attorney licensed to practice law and will be selected by the parties from the AAA’s roster of arbitrators. If the parties are unable to agree upon an arbitrator within seven (7) days of delivery of the Demand for Arbitration, then the AAA will appoint the arbitrator in accordance with the AAA Rules.

17.6 Arbitration Location and Procedure.

Unless You and Scribd otherwise agree, the arbitration will be conducted in the county where You reside. If Your claim does not exceed $10,000, then the arbitration will be conducted solely on the basis of the documents that You and Scribd submit to the arbitrator, unless You request a hearing or the arbitrator determines that a hearing is necessary. If Your claim exceeds $10,000, Your right to a hearing will be determined by the AAA Rules. Subject to the AAA Rules, the arbitrator will have the discretion to direct a reasonable exchange of information by the parties, consistent with the expedited nature of the arbitration.

17.8 Arbitrator’s Decision.

The arbitrator will render an award within the time frame specified in the AAA Rules. The arbitrator’s decision will include the essential findings and conclusions upon which the arbitrator based the award. Judgment on the arbitration award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. The arbitrator’s award of damages must be consistent with the terms of the “Limitation of Liability” section above as to the types and amounts of damages for which a party may be held liable. If You prevail in arbitration You will be entitled to an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses, to the extent provided under applicable law. Scribd will not seek, and hereby waives all rights it may have under applicable law to recover, attorneys’ fees and expenses if it prevails in arbitration.

17.9 Fees.

Your responsibility to pay any AAA filing, administrative and arbitrator fees will be solely as set forth in the AAA Rules. However, if Your claim for damages does not exceed $75,000, Scribd will pay all such fees unless the arbitrator finds that either the substance of Your claim or the relief sought in Your Demand for Arbitration was frivolous or was brought for an improper purpose (as measured by the standards set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(b)).

17.8 Changes.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the “Modification of these Terms” section above, if Scribd changes this “Dispute Resolution” section after the date You first accepted these Terms (or accepted any subsequent changes to these Terms), You may reject any such change by sending us written notice (including by email to support@scribd.com) within 30 days of the date such change became effective, as indicated in the “Last Updated” date above or in the date of Scribd’s email to You notifying You of such change. By rejecting any change, You are agreeing that You will arbitrate any Dispute between You and Scribd in accordance with the provisions of this “Dispute Resolution” section as of the date You first accepted these Terms (or accepted any subsequent changes to these Terms).

18. Miscellaneous.

18.1 Notice.

Scribd may provide You with notices, including those regarding changes to Scribd’s terms and conditions, by email, regular mail, or postings on the Scribd Platform.  Notice will be deemed given twenty-four hours after email is sent, unless Scribd is notified that the email address is invalid.  Alternatively, we may give You legal notice by mail to a postal address, if provided by You through the Scribd Platform.  In such case, notice will be deemed given three days after the date of mailing.  Notice posted on the Scribd Platform is deemed given ten days following the initial posting.

18.2 Waiver.

The failure of Scribd to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.  Any waiver of any provision of these Terms will be effective only if in writing and signed by Scribd.

18.3 Severability.

If any provision of these Terms or any Guidelines is held to be unlawful, void, or for any reason unenforceable, then that provision will be limited or eliminated from these Terms to the minimum extent necessary and will not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions.

18.4 Assignment.

These Terms and related Guidelines, and any rights and licenses granted hereunder, may not be transferred or assigned by You, but may be assigned by Scribd without restriction.  Any assignment attempted to be made in violation of these Terms shall be void.

18.5 Survival.

Upon termination of these Terms, any provision which, by its nature or express terms should survive, will survive such termination or expiration, including, but not limited to, sections 6-18.

18.6 Headings.

The heading references herein are for convenience purposes only, do not constitute a part of these Terms, and will not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

18.7 Entire Agreement.

These Terms (including all Guidelines and terms incorporated herein) and the Paid Access EULA as applicable, are the entire agreement between You and Scribd relating to the subject matter herein and will not be modified except in writing, signed by both parties, or by a change to these Terms or Guidelines made by Scribd as set forth in section 5 above.

18.8 Claims.

YOU AND SCRIBD AGREE THAT ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE SCRIBD PLATFORM MUST COMMENCE WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUES.  OTHERWISE, SUCH CAUSE OF ACTION IS PERMANENTLY BARRED.

18.9 Disclosures.

The services are offered by Scribd Inc., located at: Scribd.com, 333 Bush Street, Suite 2400, San Francisco, CA 94104, and email: support@scribd.com.  If You are a California resident, You may have this same information emailed to You by sending a letter to the foregoing address with Your email address and a request for this information.

19. Gift Memberships.

Please refer to the Scribd Gift Membership Terms and Conditions.¿Fue útil este artículo?  Usuarios a los que les pareció útil: 1147 de 1247

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POLÍTICA DE PRIVACIDAD

Privacy Notice

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Jason13 de julio de 2019 19:06Seguir

1.0 Overview

1.1 Purpose

Scribd and its operating divisions, subsidiaries, affiliates and branches (collectively, “Scribd,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”) are sensitive to privacy issues, and it is important to us to protect the information provided to us.  Accordingly, Scribd provides this privacy and information practices policy to inform you about our online information practices, the kinds of information we may collect, how we intend to use and share that information, and how you can correct or change such information (“Privacy Policy”).  By using the Scribd Platform, you expressly consent to the information handling practices described in this notice.

1.2 Scope

This Privacy Policy applies to Personal Information that is Processed by Scribd in the course of our business, including on the Scribd Platform (together with any and all future websites operated by or on behalf of Scribd, the “Websites”).  All individuals whose responsibilities include the Processing of Personal Information on behalf of Scribd are expected to protect that data by adherence to this Privacy Policy.  This Privacy Policy is intended to meet requirements globally, including those in North America, Europe, APAC, and other jurisdictions.

This Privacy Policy is incorporated into and is subject to the Scribd Platform Terms of Use. Your use of the Scribd Platform and any Personal Information you provide through the Scribd Platform are subject at all times to this Privacy Policy and the Terms of Use. Terms for “Scribd” and the “Scribd Platform” apply to any site or mobile application owned and operated by Scribd, Inc., including Scribd.com and the Scribd mobile application.

2.0 Transparency/Notice–What Personal Information We Collect and How We Use It

The types of Personal Information we may collect (directly from you or from Third Party-sources) and our privacy practices depend on the nature of the relationship you have with Scribd and the requirements of applicable law.  We endeavor to collect information only relevant for the purposes of Processing.  Below are the legal bases and some of the ways we collect information and how we use it.

2.1 Individuals

Scribd collects Personal Information regarding its current, prospective and former clients, customers, visitors and guests (collectively “Individuals”).

2.2 Information Scribd Collects

The data we collect from or about current, prospective and former Employees, customers, visitors and guests (collectively “Individuals”) includes information that may be deemed Personal Information, such as title, name, address, phone number, email address, user name, Internet Protocol address, and credit card and other financial information related to payments for services or goods.  We may also collect other information that is not Personal Information, such as demographic information you choose to provide (e.g., your business or company information, professional experiences, educational background, nationality, ethnic origin, gender, interests, preferences and favorites) and answers to a security question and password. 

2.3 How Scribd Collects Personal Information

Some of the ways that Scribd may collect your Personal Information include:

  • Scribd may collect Personal Information from you through various channels, including the Websites, in surveys, during business or marketing events, and when delivering programs and services to you.

  • When you use the Websites, Scribd may provide you with opportunities to sign up to receive specific information or services and may ask for your contact information (e.g. name, e-mail address or personal email address), so that we can send you specific information about our products, services and specific health conditions, with your consent.

  • As you navigate the Websites, certain passive information may also be collected, including Internet Protocol addresses, cookies, navigational data, the name of the domain and host from which you access the Internet, the browser software you use and your operating system, the date and time you access our Websites, and the Internet address of the website from which you linked directly to our Websites. This type of information is used for the purposes of gathering data to provide improved administration of our Websites, and to improve the quality of your experience when interacting with our Websites.

2.4 Information from Third-Party Sources

We may collect information about you from third-party sources to supplement information provided by you.  This supplemental information allows us to verify information that you have provided to us and to enhance our ability to provide you information about our business, products and services. 

We may also offer you the ability to use Third Party services to enable additional features on Scribd. If you choose to do this, Scribd may receive information about you from these Third Parties.

2.5 Research/Survey Solicitations

From time to time, Scribd may perform research (online and offline) via surveys.  We may engage Third Party-service providers to conduct such surveys on our behalf.  All survey responses are voluntary, and the information collected will be used for research and reporting purposes to help us better serve Individuals by learning more about their needs and the quality of the products and services we provide.  The survey responses may be utilized to determine the effectiveness of our Websites, various types of communications, advertising campaigns and/or promotional activities.  If an Individual participates in a survey, the information given will be used along with that of other study participants.  We may share anonymous individual and aggregate data for research and analysis purposes.

2.6 How Scribd Uses Your Personal Information

Depending on how you interact with Scribd, we and our Third Party-service providers may also use Personal Information in a variety of ways, including:

  • Providing Information and Services You Requested. Scribd may use the Personal Information about you to provide you information that you may request, e.g. information about a product or program we are offering.  Scribd may also use your Personal Information to deliver a specific program or service to you, when you enroll to receive the program or service.  Such use may include: (a) generally managing your information and accounts; (b) responding to questions, comments and requests; (c) providing access to certain areas and features of the Scribd Websites; and (d) permitting you to register for events or participate in webinars.

  • Administrative Purposes. Scribd may use the Personal Information about you for its administrative purposes, including, without limitation, to: (a) measure interest in Scribd’s Website, programs or services; (b) perform internal quality control; (c) verify identity; (d) send communications regarding the Scribd Website, programs or services, your account, or any changes to any Scribd policy or terms of service; (e) process payments; (f) prevent potentially prohibited or illegal activities; and (g) enforce our Terms of Use.

  • Marketing Products and Services. Scribd may use the Personal Information about you to provide you with materials about offers, products and services offered by us, including new content or services on Scribd Websites. Scribd may provide you with these materials by phone, postal mail, facsimile or email, as permitted by applicable law.  If you do not wish us to use your Personal Information for marketing purposes, you may contact us at any time to opt out of the use of your Personal Information for such purposes, as further described below.

  • Research and Development. Scribd may use your Personal Information to create non-identifiable information that we may use alone or in the aggregate with information obtained from other sources, in order to help us to optimally deliver our existing products and services or develop new products, processes and services.

  • Information Submitted Via Websites. You agree that Scribd is free to use the content of any communications or other information submitted by you via the Websites, including any narratives, images, ideas, inventions, concepts, techniques, or know-how disclosed therein, for any purpose including developing, manufacturing, and/or marketing goods or services.  However, Scribd does not release your name or otherwise publicize the fact that you submitted materials or other information to us unless: (a) you grant us permission to do so; (b) we first send notice to you that the materials or other information you submit to a particular part of a site will be published or otherwise used with your name on it; or (c) we are required to do so by law.

  • Sharing Content with Friends or Colleagues. Scribd’s Websites may offer various tools and functionality.  For example, Scribd may provide functionality on its Websites that will allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague.  Email addresses that you may provide for a friend or colleague will be used to send your friend or colleague the content or link you request, but will not be collected or otherwise used by Scribd or any other Third Parties for any other purpose.

  • Pseudonymous Data. Including as discussed below in Section 2.12, Scribd may use and share your anonymized or aggregated information within the Scribd group of companies or with Third Parties for, research, analytics and any other legally permissible purposes.

  • Other Uses. Scribd may use Personal Information for other purposes for which we have a legitimate interest, such as direct marketing, individual or market research, anti-fraud protection, or any other purpose disclosed to you at the time you provide Personal Information or with your consent.

2.7 Human Resources Data

Scribd collects Personal Information from current, prospective and former Employees, their contact points in case of a medical emergency, and beneficiaries under any insurance policy (“Human Resources Data”).  The Human Resources Data we collect may include title, name, address, phone number, email address, date of birth, passport number, driver’s license number, Social Security number or other government-issued identification number, financial information related to credit checks, bank details for payroll, information that may be recorded on a CV or application form, language abilities, contact information of third parties in case of an emergency and beneficiaries under any insurance policy.  We may also collect Sensitive Human Resources Data such as details of health and disability, including mental health, medical leave, and maternity leave. 

We acquire, hold, use and Process Human Resources-related Personal Information for a variety of business purposes including:

  • workflow management, assigning, managing and administering projects;
  • Human Resources administration and communication;
  • payroll and the provision of benefits;
  • compensation, including bonuses and long-term incentive administration, stock plan administration, compensation analysis, including monitoring overtime and compliance with labor laws, and company recognition programs;
  • job grading activities;
  • performance and employee development management;
  • organizational development and succession planning;
  • benefits and personnel administration;
  • absence management;
  • helpdesk and IT support services;
  • regulatory compliance;
  • internal and/or external or governmental compliance investigations;
  • internal or external audits;
  • litigation evaluation, prosecution and defense;
  • diversity and inclusion initiatives;
  • restructuring and relocation;
  • emergency contacts and services;
  • Employee safety;
  • compliance with statutory requirements;
  • Processing of Employee expenses and travel charges; and
  • acquisitions, divestitures and integrations.

2.8 Social Media

Generally, online social media resources are interactive tools that enable Data Subjects to collaborate and share information with others.  Social media resources include, but are not limited to, social networks, discussion boards, bulletin boards, blogs, wikis, and referral functions to share web site content and tools with a friend or colleague. 

Scribd may collect Personal Information to enable Data Subjects to use online social media resources offered either by Scribd or a Third Party.  We may also enable you to use these social media resources to post or share Personal Information with others.  When using social media resources, you should take into careful consideration what Personal Information you share with others. 

If you use on online social media resource offered by a Third Party (“Third Party SMR”) through the Scribd Website, you acknowledge that Scribd may be able to access any information you make public through such Third Party SMR (such as your username, comments, posts and contacts) and other information your privacy settings on such Third Party SMR permit Scribd to access.  Scribd will comply with the terms of this Privacy Policy and the privacy policies applicable to the social media resources it uses.

2.9 Direct Mail, Email and Outbound Telemarketing

Individuals who provide us with Personal Information, or whose Personal Information we obtain from Third Parties, may receive periodic emails, newsletters, mailings or phone calls from us with information on Scribd or our business partners’ products and services or upcoming special offers/events we believe may be of interest.  We offer the option to decline these communications at no cost to the individual by following the instructions in Section 3 below.

2.10 Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, Analytics Information, and Interest-Based Advertising

We, as well as Third Parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (“Technologies”) to automatically collect information through the Services.  We use Technologies that are essentially small data files placed on your computer, tablet, mobile phone, or other devices (referred to collectively as a «device») that allow us to record certain pieces of information whenever you visit or interact with our sites, services, applications, messaging, and tools, and to recognize you across devices.

2.10.1 Cookies

Cookies are small text files placed in visitors’ computer browsers to store their preferences. Most browsers allow you to block and delete cookies.  However, if you do that, the Site may not work properly. 

2.10.2 Pixel Tags/Web Beacons

A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded on the Site that collects information about users’ engagement on that web page.  The use of a pixel allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement.

2.10.3 Social Media Widgets

Our Website includes social media features such as the Facebook “Like” button and LinkedIn (that might include widgets such as the share this button or other interactive mini-programs).  These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our site, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly.  These social media features are either hosted by a Third Party or hosted directly on our Website.  Your interactions with these features are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it.

2.10.4 Analytics Information

We may also use Google Analytics and Google Analytics Demographics and Interest Reporting to collect information regarding visitor behavior and visitor demographics on some of our Services, and to develop website content.  This analytics data is not tied to any Personal Information.  For more information about Google Analytics, please visit www.google.com/policies/privacy/partners/. You can opt out of Google’s collection and Processing of data generated by your use of the Services by going to http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout.

Our uses of such Technologies fall into the following general categories:

  • Operationally Necessary. We may use cookies, web beacons, or other similar technologies that are necessary to the operation of our sites, services, applications, and tools.  This includes technologies that allow you access to our sites, services, applications, and tools; that are required to identify irregular site behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security; or that allow you to make use of our functions such as shopping-carts, saved search, or similar functions;

  • Performance Related. We may use cookies, web beacons, or other similar technologies to assess the performance of our websites, applications, services, and tools, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how our visitors use our websites, determine if you have interacted with our messaging, determine whether you have viewed an item or link, or to improve our website content, applications, services, or tools;

  • Functionality Related. We may use cookies, web beacons, or other similar technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our sites, services, applications, or tools.  This may include identifying you when you sign into our sites or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed so that we may enhance the presentation of content on our sites

  • Advertising or Targeting Related. We may use first-party or third-party cookies and web beacons to deliver content, including ads relevant to your interests, on our sites or on third party sites.  This includes using technologies to understand the usefulness to you of the advertisements and content that has been delivered to you, such as whether you have clicked on an advertisement.

If you would like to opt-out of the Technologies we employ on our sites, services, applications, or tools, you may do so by blocking, deleting, or disabling them as your browser or device permits.

2.11 Mobile Devices

Scribd may provide websites and online resources that are specifically designed to be compatible and used on mobile devices.  Scribd will collect certain information that your mobile device sends when you use such websites or online resources, like a device identifier, user settings and the operating system of your device.

Mobile versions of Scribd’s Websites may require that users log in with an account.  In such cases, information about use of each mobile version of the website may be associated with user accounts.  In addition, Scribd may enable Individuals to download an application, widget or other tool that can be used on mobile or other computing devices.  Some of these tools may store information on mobile or other devices.  These tools may transmit Personal Information to Scribd to enable Data Subjects to access user accounts and to enable Scribd to track use of these tools.  Some of these tools may enable users to email reports and other information from the tool.  Scribd may use personal or non-identifiable information transmitted to the Company to enhance these tools, to develop new tools, for quality improvement and as otherwise described in this Privacy Policy or in other notices Scribd provides.

2.12 Anonymous and Aggregated Information

Scribd may use your Personal Information and other information about you to create anonymized and aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, de-identified location information, information about the computer or device from which you access the Scribd Website or other online services, or other analyses we create.  Anonymized and aggregated information is used for a variety of functions, including the measurement of visitors’ interest in and use of various portions or features of the Websites.  Anonymized or aggregated information is not Personal Information, and Scribd may use such information in a number of ways, including research, internal analysis, analytics and any other legally permissible purposes.  We may share this information within Scribd and with Third Parties for our or their purposes in an anonymized or aggregated form that is designed to prevent anyone from identifying you.

3.0 Choice/Modalities to Opt Out

You have the right to opt out of certain uses and disclosures of your Personal Information, as set out in this Privacy Policy.

3.1 General

Where you have consented to Scribd’s Processing of your Personal Information or Sensitive Personal Information, you may withdraw that consent at any time and opt out by following the instructions in this Section 3.  Additionally, before we use Personal Information for any new purpose not originally authorized by you, we will provide information regarding the new purpose and give you the opportunity to opt out. 

Prior to disclosing Sensitive Data to a Third Party or Processing Sensitive Data for a purpose other than its original purpose or the purpose authorized subsequently by the Data Subject, Scribd will endeavor to obtain each Data Subject’s explicit consent (opt-in).  Where consent of the Data Subject for the Processing of Personal Information is otherwise required by law or contract, Scribd will comply with the law or contract.

3.2 Email and Telephone Communications

An “Unsubscribe” button will be provided at the top or bottom of each email communications sent by Scribd so that you can opt-out.  However, we may continue to send transaction-related emails regarding products or services you have requested in response to such request.  We may need to send you certain communications regarding the Scribd programs and services and you will not be able to opt out of those communications – e.g., communications regarding updates to our Terms of Use or this Privacy Policy.

3.3 Human Resources Data

With regard to Personal Information that Scribd receives in connection with the employment relationship, Scribd will use such Personal Information only for employment-related purposes as more fully described in section 2.3 above.  If Scribd intends to use this Personal Information for any other purpose, the Company will provide the Data Subject with an opportunity to opt-out of such uses. 

3.4 “Do Not Track”

Do Not Track (“DNT”) is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers.  DNT is a way for users to inform websites and services that they do not want certain information about their webpage visits collected over time and across websites or online services.  Scribd does not recognize or respond to browser-initiated DNT signals.  For information about “do-not-track”, visit http://www.allaboutdnt.org.

3.5 Advertising Choices

We may use certain tools offered by Third Parties that enable such Third Party to collect or receive information about actions users take on: (a) our Website and elsewhere on the internet through use of cookies, pixel tags and other storage technologies; or (b) a Scribd mobile application and other mobile applications, in order to provide interest-based advertising.

Interest-based advertising is advertising that tries to make the ads you see more interesting and relevant to you based on the types of sites you visit online and other information that does not personally identify you.  Advertisements on Third-Party websites that contain the AdChoices link and that link to this Privacy Policy may have been directed to you based on anonymous, non-Personal Information collected by advertising partners over time and across websites.  These advertisements provide a mechanism to opt-out of the advertising partners’ use of this information for interest-based advertising purposes. 

You can opt out of the collection and use of your information for interest-based advertising by going to http://optout.aboutads.info,  http://www.networkadvertising.org/managing/opt_out.asp, or http://www.youronlinechoices.eu/ to limit collection through the Website or by configuring the settings on your mobile device to limit ad tracking through the mobile applications.

Even if you opt-out, we may still collect and use non-Personal Information regarding your activities on our Websites and/or information from the advertisements on Third-Party websites for non-interest based advertising purposes, such as to determine the effectiveness of the advertisements.

4.0 Onward Transfer

4.1 Information We Share

Scribd does not sell or otherwise disclose Personal Information about you, except as described in this Privacy Policy or as you explicitly consent.  Scribd endeavors to require third parties to which it discloses Personal Information to protect Personal Information using substantially similar standards to those required by Scribd (and at least the same level of privacy protection as is required by the Privacy Shield Principles and this Privacy Policy), and to notify Scribd if they make a determination they can no longer meet this obligation.   

4.1.1 Service Providers

Scribd may share Personal Information with our service providers that we have retained to perform services on our behalf including (i) provision of IT and related services; (ii) provision of information and services you have requested; (iii) payment processing; and (iv) customer service activities. Payment information will be used and shared only to effectuate your order and may be stored by a service provider for purposes of future orders. 

Scribd has executed appropriate contracts with the service providers that prohibit them from using or sharing your personal information except as necessary to perform the contracted services on our behalf or to comply with applicable legal requirements.

4.1.2 Information Shared via Third Party Features

Scribd may offer additional features that allow you to share your information with a Third Party (like Waze). If you tell us to do so, Scribd will share limited amounts of information with the Third Party in order to enable the feature you choose. We will tell you what information the Third Party may receive when you initially instruct us to share it. Please be aware that any information you provide to a Third Party will be subject to that Third Party’s privacy policy. 
Scribd will share your information for as long as you use the Third Party feature. You can disable this at any time in your Scribd settings under Settings.

4.1.3 Business Partners

Scribd may share Personal Information with our business partners, and affiliates for our and our affiliates’ internal business purposes or to provide you with a product or service that you have requested Scribd may also provide Personal Information to business partners with whom we may jointly offer products or services, or whose products or services we believe may be of interest to you.  In such cases, our business partner’s name will appear, along with Scribd’s.  Scribd requires our affiliates and business partners to agree in writing to maintain the confidentiality and security of Personal Information they maintain on our behalf and not to use it for any purpose other than the purpose for which it was provided.  

4.1.4 Information Disclosed for Our Protection and the Protection of Others

We may disclose information about you: (i) if we are required to do so by law, court order or legal process; (ii) in response to lawful requests by public authorities, including to meet national security or law enforcement requirements; (iii) under the discovery process in litigation; (iv) to enforce Scribd policies or contracts; (v) to collect amounts owed to Scribd; (vi) when we believe disclosure is necessary or appropriate to prevent physical harm or financial loss or in connection with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity; or (vii) if we, in good faith, believe that disclosure is otherwise necessary or advisable. 

In addition, from time to time, server logs may be reviewed for security purposes – e.g., to detect unauthorized activity on the Websites.  In such cases, server log data containing IP addresses may be shared with law enforcement bodies in order that they may identify users in connection with their investigation of the unauthorized activities.

4.1.5 Information Disclosed in Connection with Business Transactions

We reserve the right to disclose or transfer any information we have about you in the event of a proposed or actual purchase, any reorganization, sale, lease, merger, joint venture, assignment, amalgamation or any other type of acquisition, disposal or financing of all or any portion of our business or of any of the business assets or shares (including in connection with any bankruptcy or similar proceeding).  Should such an event occur, Scribd will endeavor to direct the transferee to use Personal Information in a manner that is consistent with this Privacy Policy.

4.2 Data Transfers

All Personal Information sent or collected via or by Scribd may be stored anywhere in the world, including but not limited to, in the United States, in the cloud, our servers, the servers of our affiliates or the servers of our service providers.  Your Personal Information may be accessible to law enforcement or other authorities pursuant to a lawful request.  By providing information to Scribd, you consent to the storage of your Personal Information in these locations. 

5.0 Rights of Access, Rectification, Erasure and Restriction

You may seek confirmation regarding whether Scribd is processing Personal Information about you, request access to Personal Information, and ask that we correct, amend or delete your Personal Information where it is inaccurate.  Where otherwise permitted by applicable law, you may use any of the methods set out in this Privacy Policy to request access to, receive (port), restrict processing, seek rectification or request erasure of Personal Information held about you by Scribd.  Such requests will be processed in line with local laws.  Although Scribd makes good faith efforts to provide Individuals with access to their Personal Information, there may be circumstances in which Scribd is unable to provide access, including but not limited to: where the information contains legal privilege, would compromise others’ privacy or other legitimate rights, where the burden or expense of providing access would be disproportionate to the risks to the Individual’s privacy in the case in question or where it is commercially proprietary.  If Scribd determines that access should be restricted in any particular instance, we will provide you with an explanation of why that determination has been made and a contact point for any further inquiries.  To protect your privacy, Scribd will take commercially reasonable steps to verify your identity before granting access to or making any changes to your Personal Information.

6.0 Retention

Scribd retains the Personal Information we receive as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Websites or as necessary to fulfill the purpose(s) for which it was collected, provide our products and services, resolve disputes, establish legal defenses, conduct audits, pursue legitimate business purposes, enforce our agreements and comply with applicable laws.

7.0 Security

The security of all Personal Information provided to Scribd is important to us, and Scribd takes reasonable steps designed to protect your Personal Information.  Unfortunately, no data transmission over the Internet or storage of information can be guaranteed to be 100% secure.  As a result, while Scribd strives to protect your Personal Information, we cannot ensure or warrant the security of any information you transmit to Scribd, and you do so at your own risk.  You are responsible for maintaining the secrecy of your own passwords.  If you have reason to believe that your passwords or Personal Information is no longer secure, please promptly notify us at privacy@scribd.com

8.0 Redress/Compliance and Accountability

If after reviewing this Privacy Policy, you would like to submit a request or you have any questions or privacy concerns, please contact us at privacy@scribd.com

Scribd will address your concerns and attempt to resolve any privacy issues in a timely manner.  

If you are an EU or Swiss citizen and feel that Scribd is not abiding by the terms of this Privacy Policy, please contact Scribd at the contact information provided above. If any request remains unresolved, you may contact the national data protection authority for your EU Member State.

9.0 Other Rights and Important Information.

9.1 Information Regarding Children

Due to the nature of Scribd’s business, services and benefits are not marketed to persons less than 13 years of age (and in certain jurisdictions under the age of 16 (collectively “minors”). 

If you are under 13 years of age (and in certain jurisdictions under the age of 16), then please do not use or access the Scribd platform at any time or in any manner.

Protecting the privacy of young children is especially important.  For that reason, Scribd does not knowingly collect or maintain personally identifiable information from minors.  If Scribd learns that personally-identifiable information of minors has been collected on or through the Scribd platform, then Scribd will take the appropriate steps to delete this information.

If you are the parent or legal guardian of a minor who has become Scribd platform member, then please contact Scribd at privacy@scribd.com to have that minor’s account terminated and information deleted.

The following are some resources that may help parents and legal guardians in monitoring and limiting your childrens’ access to certain types of material on the internet.  While Scribd does not endorse these products, we are providing information about them as a public service to our community.

  • “OnGuard Online,” maintained by the Federal Trade Commission.
  • WiredSafety
  • Netsmartz.org
  • The Child Safety Network
  • Control Kids
  • Cyber Sitter
  • Net Nanny

9.2 California Privacy Rights

California law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the Third Parties to whom we have disclosed their Personal Information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of Personal Information disclosed to those parties.  Scribd does not share Personal Information with third parties for their own marketing purposes.

9.3 Links to Third-Party Websites

Please note that our Websites may contain links to other websites for your convenience and information.  Scribd does not control Third-Party websites or their privacy practices, which may differ from those set out in this Privacy Policy.  Scribd does not endorse or make any representations about Third-Party websites.  Any Personal Information you choose to give to unrelated Third Parties is not covered by this Privacy Policy.  Scribd encourages you to review the privacy policy of any company or website before submitting your Personal Information.  Some Third Parties may choose to share their users’ Personal Information with Scribd; that sharing is governed by that company’s privacy policy, not this Privacy Policy.

9.4 Changes to the Privacy Policy

Scribd may update this Privacy Policy from time to time as it deems necessary in its sole discretion.  If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, Scribd will notify you by email or as otherwise required by applicable law.  Scribd encourages you to review this Privacy Policy periodically to be informed regarding how Scribd is using and protecting your information and to be aware of any policy changes.  Your continued relationship with Scribd after the posting or notice of any amended Privacy Policy shall constitute your agreement to be bound by any such changes.  Any changes to this Privacy Policy take effect immediately after being posted or otherwise provided by Scribd.

9.5 Contact Information

Please contact Scribd with any questions or comments about this privacy notice, your personal information, and our third-party disclosure practices or your consent choices at: scribd.com, 333 Bush Street, Suite 2400, San Francisco, CA 94104, or by email: privacy@scribd.com.  We will respond to your inquiry within 30 days of its receipt.

Scribd Privacy Notice (Effective: May 25, 2018)

CURSOS

CURSOS

Croissant

Croissant

0 El material básico

El material básico lo dividimos en materiales para:

  1. Pesar y medir
  2. Cortar, picar, rallar, pelar y deshuesar
  3. Colar, tamizar y escurrir
  4. Contener
  5. Remover y retirar
  6. Mezclar, amasar y batir
  7. Extender: Mangas y boquillas
  8. Herramientas para elaboraciones versátiles
  9. Material para Cocinar: Cazuelas, ollas, sartenes
  10. Material para Hornear, fuentes, placas
  11. Moldes

 

  • Pero se podrían resumir en dos secciones:
  1. Utensilios para preparar o UTENSILIOS DE PREPARACIÓN

Necesarios para preparar los alimentos antes de cocerlos

  1. Utensilios para cocinar o UTENSILIOS DE COCCIÓN

Son los recipientes necesarios para cocinar los alimentos.

Divididas según las funciones a las que están destinados

–Cocción

–Fritura

–Horneado